Klimaparametre/Climate elements

Tabellen nedenfor beskriver de klimaparametre, der indgår i denne rapport. Elementnummeret indgår i de forskellige datafiler på den CD-ROM, der følger med rapporten. Enheden der er knyttet til de forskellige parametre er den enhed, der er brugt i alle datafiler 
indeholdende månedsværdier. 

Bemærk at enheden i de datafiler der indeholder normaltal alle er 0,1, undtagen for elementnummer 360 (se nedenfor). Metoden angiver, hvordan de forskellige klimaværdier er beregnet udfra de enkelte observationer, før der midles til klima- eller provisoriske normaler.

The table below lists the climate elements described in this report. The element no. is the number by which the climate element is identified in the normal and monthly data files on the CD-ROM. The units in the table are the units used in the monthly data files on the CD-ROM. 

The units of the normals in the normal.dat data file are all 0.1, except for element no. 360 (see below). The method is the method applied to the daily values to obtain the monthly values, before calculating the average climatological or provisional normals.

Beskrivelse af klimaparametre/Climate element description

Element no. 		Description/Unit 							Method
101 			Mean temperature 0.1  C						Mean
111 			Average daily maximum temperature + date 0.1  C 		Mean
112 			Absolute maximum temperature + date 0.1  C 			Max
114 			Number of ice days (Tmax < 0  C) days 				Sum
121 			Average daily minimum temperature 0.1  C				Mean
122 			Absolute minimum temperature 0.1  C 				Min
124 			Number of cold days (Tmin < -10  C) days 				Sum
125 			Number of days with frost (Tmin < 0  C) days 			Sum
201 			Mean relative humidity %						Mean
240 			Mean absolute humidity 0.1 g/m3					Mean
256 			Mean relative humidity at 06:00 hours UTC % 			Mean
268 			Mean relative humidity at 18:00 hours UTC %			Mean
301 			Mean wind speed (10 minutes average) 0.1 m/s			Mean
302 			Maximum wind speed (10 minutes average) + date 0.1 m/s 	Max
311 			Number of days with strong breeze (wind speed >=10,8 m/s)days Sum
321 			Number of days with strong gale (wind speed >= 20,8 m/s) days	Sum
326 			Number of days with whole gale (wind speed >= 24,5 m/s) days	Sum
331 			Number of days with storm (wind speed >= 28,5 m/s) days	Sum
360 			Most frequent wind direction + frequency 				1-9*
401 			Mean atmospheric pressure 0.1 hPa 					Mean
410 			Absolute maximum atmospheric pressure + date 0.1 hPa		Max
420 			Absolute minimum atmospheric pressure + date 0.1 hPa 		Min
501 			Mean accumulated hours of bright sunshine 0.1 hours		sum
502 			Daily maximum hours of bright sunshine + date 0.1 hours 	max
601 			Mean accumulated precipitation 0.1 mm				sum
602 			Highest 24 hour precipitation + date 0.1 mm 			max
604 			Number of days with precipitation  >= 0.1 mm days 		sum
605 			Number of days with precipitation  >= 1 mm days			sum
606 			Number of days with precipitation  >= 10 mm days 		sum
607 			Number of days with snow falling days 				Sum
701 			Number of days with snow cover (more than 50 % covered) days 	Sum
702 			Number of days with fog (visibility < 1 km) days 		Sum
703 			Number of days with thunder days 					Sum
801 			Mean cloud cover % 							Mean
802 			Number of clear days (N < 20 %) days 				Sum
803 			Number of cloudy days (N > 80 %) days 				Sum
901 			Mean snow depth cm 							Mean
902 			Maximum snow depth cm 						Max

*1 = N, 2 = NE, 3 = E, 4 = SE, 5 = S, 6 = SW, 7 = W, 8 = NW, 9 = calm and varying wind

Indhold af CD-ROM/Contents of CD-ROM

CD-ROM'en består af:
·	32 grafikfiler <stationsnummer_periode>.wmf (WMF - Windows Meta File), der indeholder vindroser med tilhørende statistik
·	38 ASCII datafiler med fast format <elementnummer>_gr.dat indeholdende tidsserier af månedsværdier (1958-1999)
·	1 ASCII datafil med fast format normal.dat med normalværdier
·	1 ASCII datafil med fast format station.dat med oplysninger om stationerne samt
·	1 ASCII tekstfil readme.txt.

Data på CD-ROM'en må kun benyttes, hvis der samtidig anføres reference til rapporten (Cappelen et al., 2001. Klimaobservationer i Grønland 1958-99 - med klimanormaler 1961-90. DMI Teknisk Rapport 00-18).

The CD-ROM contains:
·	32 graphic files named <station number_period>.wmf (WMF - Windows Meta File) containing the wind rose statistics
·	38 fixed ASCII format data files named <element number>_gr.dat containing the monthly data (1958-1999)
·	1 fixed ASCII format file normal.dat containing the climatological normals
·	1 fixed ASCII format file named station.dat containing a station catalogue and,
·	finally, an ASCII text format file named readme.txt.

Data from the CD-ROM may only be used with proper reference to the accompanying report (Cappelen et al., 2001. The Observed Climate of Greenland 1958-99 - with Climatological Normals, 1961-90 DMI Technical Report No. 00-18).

Filer med vindrose statistik/Files with wind rose statistics:
<station number_period>.wmf

Vindroser for 32 stationer i perioden 1958-1999 (perioden er stationsafhængig), er indeholdt i grafikfilerne <stationsnummer_periode>.wmf (WMF - Windows Meta File).

Wind roses for 32 stations during the period 1958-1999 (the period is dependent on the actual station) are contained in the graphic files <station number_period>.wmf (WMF - Windows Meta File).

Forklaring til vindroser/Wind roses, explanation

Vindroserne præsenteret på CD-ROM'en viser fordelingen af vindens retning og hastighed. Vindens retning er inddelt i 12 sektorer på hver 30 grader og der er ligeledes inddelt i hastigheds-klasser. Den procentvise fordeling er tillige anført i en frekvenstabel under selve vindrosen. Vær opmærksom på, at i denne frekvenstabel er vindstille defineret som vindhastigheder mindre end eller lig med 1,5 m/s og disse tilfælde indgår ikke i statistikken! Det betyder bl.a. at beregningen af den totale middelvindhastighed godt kan være højere end den middelhastighed man traditionelt beregner, idet denne indeholder samtlige tilfælde af vindstille.
Samtlige vindroser på CD-ROM'en er på engelsk. Af den grund er en dansksproget version vist på næste side.

The wind roses presented on the CD-ROM show the distribution of wind direction and speed. The wind direction is divided into 12 sectors, each 30 degrees. Furthermore, the speed is divided into sub groups. The distribution in percent can also be seen in the frequency table just below the wind roses.  Please note that calm situations are defined as wind speed below or equal to 1,5 m/s, and that these situations are not included in the calculations. This means that the calculation of the total mean wind speed in the frequency table could be higher than a mean wind speed calculated in the conventional manner, as this takes all wind speeds (also calm) into account.
All the wind roses on the CD-ROM are in English. For this reason, a Danish version is presented on the next page.

Stationsfil/Station file: station.dat

Stationskataloget i filen station.dat beskriver stationsnummer, elementnummer, position, højde over havet samt det første og det sidste år i den periode, der er medtaget for hver klimaparameter i denne rapport. Hver linie i filen repræsenterer en station/et element. Filen er sorteret efter stationsnummer/elementnummer og har følgende layout:

The station catalogue contained in the file station.dat describes the station no., element no., name, posi-tion, elevation and first and last year of the climate element series in this report. Each record in the file contains information about one station/element. The file is sorted by station no./element no. and has the following layout:

Position 	Format Description
1-6		F6.0	Station no.
7-12		F6.0	Element no.
13-42		A30	Station name
43-44		F2.0	Latitude (degrees)
45-46		F2.0	Latitude (minutes)
47-47		A1	Northern (N) or Southern (S) hemisphere
48-49		F2.0	Longitude (degrees)
50-51		F2.0	Longitude (minutes)
52-52		A1 	East (E) or West (W) of Greenwich
53-56		F4.0	Elevation (metres above mean sea level)
57-62		F6.0	First year in the data series
63-68		F6.0	Last year in the data series

Normalfil/Normal file: normal.dat

Normalværdier for standardperioden 1961-1990 og andre perioder findes i filen normal.dat. Filen indeholder normalværdier for alle stationer beskrevet i stationskataloget. Filen er sorteret efter stationsnummer/elementnummer. Hver linie i filen indeholder månedsværdier og årsværdi - alle med enhed 0,1 - fra en station/et element. Bemærk at eneste undtagelse er elementnummer 360 - hyppigste vindretning - som har enheden 1 og skalaen 1-9 (se ovenfor) :
Vær opmærksom på, at en sammenligning af normaltal i tabeller og i filer kan udvise små forskelle, som skyldes afrunding til hhv. heltal og tal med 1 decimal. Eksempelvis vil afrunding af 39,466 blive til 39 i fx tabel 12.1; station 04200 januar og til 39,5 i filen normal.dat; 04200 januar.

Normal values for the standard period 1961-1990 and other periods are contained in the file
normal.dat. The file contains normal values for all stations described in the station catalogue. The file is sorted by station no./element no. Each record in the file contains the mean monthly and annual values - all in units of 0.1 - from one station/element no. in the following format. Please note that the unit is 1 and the scale is 1-9 (see above) for the element number 360 - Most frequent wind direction :
Be aware that a comparising of normal values in tables and in files can show small differences, which is the result of rounding to integers and 1 decimal. For example, 39,466 will be listed as 39 in e.g. table 12.1; station 04200 January, and as 39,5 in the file normal.dat; 04200 January. 

Position	Format Description
1-6 		F6.0	Station no.
7-12		F6.0	Element no.
13-18		F6.0	First year in normal period
19-24 		F6.0	Last year in normal period
25-30 		F6.0	January normal value
31-36 		F6.0	February normal value
37-42		F6.0	March normal value
43-48 		F6.0	April normal value
49-54 		F6.0	May normal value
55-60 		F6.0	June normal value
61-66 		F6.0	July normal value
67-72 		F6.0	August normal value
73-78 		F6.0	September normal value
79-84 		F6.0	October normal value
85-90		F6.0	November normal value
91-96 		F6.0	December normal value
97-10 		F6.0	Annual normal value

Månedsfiler/Monthly files: <element number>_gr.dat

Tidsserier af månedsværdier (1958-99) for alle stationer, der er beregnet normaler på i afsnit 5 til 15 "Klimatabeller", findes i filerne <elementnummer>_gr.dat. Filerne er sorteret efter stationsnummer/elementnummer, år og måned (måned 13 er årsværdien). Hver linie i filerne indeholder 1 måneds- eller årsværdi i nedenstående format. Enheden på de enkelte klimaparametre kan ses ovenfor. Bemærk at "Date" - datoen for en hændelse - kun findes i filerne med ekstremværdier (formatet er [måned][dag] fx 825 for 25. august). Bemærk yderligere at "Frequency" - frekvensen af de enkelte vindretninger - kun findes i filen med elementnummer 360 (enheden er %):

Time series (1958-99) for all the stations presented in section 5 to 15 'Climatological Tables' are contained in the files <element number>_gr.dat. The files are sorted by station no./element no., year and month (month 13 gives the annual total). Each record in the files contains one monthly or annual value for one station/element no. in the following format. The units of the values can be seen in the table above. Please also note that the 'Date' variable only exists in the files concerned with extreme values (format is [month][day], e.g., 825 for 25 August). Furthermore, the 'Frequency' variable only exists in the file concerned with element number 360 - most frequent wind direction (unit is %):

Position 	Format Description
1-6 		F6.0 	Station no.
7-12 		F6.0 	Element no.
13-18 		F6.0 	Year
19-24 		F6.0 	Month (1-12 and 13 for annual)
25-30 		F6.0 	Value
31-36 		F6.0 	Date/Frequency.



